Can Kajal Cause Dark Circles? Safe Use & Prevention Tips

Kajal, also known as kohl, has been used for centuries to enhance the appearance of the eyes. Despite its popularity, concerns have been raised about whether kajal can contribute to dark circles or damage the delicate skin under the eyes. In this blog, we explore the scientific aspects of kajal’s ingredients, their potential impact on under-eye skin, and the mechanisms by which they may influence skin health.

1. Ingredients in Kajal and Their Effects on Skin

Kajal formulations vary, but they often include a mix of natural and synthetic substances. Some of these ingredients have been linked to potential skin damage or irritation:

• Carbon Black (CI 77266): This is the primary pigment used in most modern kajal products. It is a byproduct of the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons and is used for its deep black color. While generally considered safe for topical application, excessive or prolonged exposure to unrefined carbon black has been linked to skin irritation and oxidative stress, which could potentially contribute to inflammation around the eyes.
• Heavy Metals (Lead, Mercury, Antimony): Historically, traditional kohl contained lead sulfide and other heavy metals, known for their toxic effects on human health. Prolonged exposure to these metals can cause not only systemic toxicity but also local effects, such as skin irritation, under-eye discoloration, and damage to the skin barrier due to oxidative stress. Regulatory bodies in many countries now prohibit the use of lead in cosmetics, but trace amounts may still be found in low-quality kajal.
• Preservatives and Fragrances: Preservatives like parabens and synthetic fragrances can disrupt the skin’s microbiome and cause irritation, especially in the sensitive periorbital region. This irritation may trigger an inflammatory response, leading to increased blood flow to the area and darkened under-eye circles.
• Natural Oils and Herbal Extracts: Modern kajals often include soothing ingredients such as almond oil, castor oil, and camphor. These oils may have anti-inflammatory and moisturizing effects, helping to protect the under-eye area. However, individual sensitivities to these ingredients can also result in allergic reactions, leading to puffiness and hyperpigmentation.

2. How Kajal Might Contribute to Dark Circles: The Mechanisms

While kajal itself does not directly cause dark circles, several mechanisms associated with its application can exacerbate the appearance of under-eye pigmentation:

• Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Damage: The delicate skin under the eyes is highly susceptible to oxidative damage due to environmental factors such as pollution and UV radiation. Some kajal formulations, especially those containing synthetic chemicals or heavy metals, can contribute to free radical production, leading to collagen degradation. This results in thinning of the under-eye skin, making blood vessels more visible, and causing dark circles to appear.
• Chronic Inflammation: Repeated use of kajal, especially those containing irritants, can trigger an inflammatory response in the skin. Inflammation increases melanin production, a process known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). PIH can make the skin under the eyes look darker over time, particularly in individuals with a predisposition to hyperpigmentation.
• Mechanical Trauma: Rubbing or smudging kajal throughout the day may lead to mechanical stress on the under-eye skin. The thin epidermis in this region is prone to damage from physical friction, which can further contribute to pigmentation and premature aging. Continuous friction also weakens the skin barrier, allowing irritants to penetrate more easily.

3. Under-Eye Skin Physiology and Dark Circles

The skin under the eyes is uniquely delicate, with thinner layers of the epidermis and dermis, less collagen, and fewer sebaceous glands compared to other parts of the face. Due to this fragility, the following factors can easily influence the development of dark circles:

• Vascular Congestion: Blood vessels under the eyes are more prominent due to the thinner skin, making dark circles more visible. Kajal, when improperly removed or left on for extended periods, can contribute to skin irritation and vasodilation, exacerbating this effect.
• Melanin Overproduction: Dark circles in certain individuals are due to periorbital hyperpigmentation, where excess melanin is produced. Kajal containing irritants may stimulate melanocytes in the under-eye region, contributing to pigment accumulation and worsening the appearance of dark circles.

4. Safety Concerns and Preventive Measures

To mitigate the risk of dark circles and under-eye damage while using kajal, consider the following scientifically backed practices:

• Use Dermatologically Tested Kajal: Choose products that are free of heavy metals, parabens, and synthetic fragrances. Look for kajal that is ophthalmologically and dermatologically tested, ensuring it has been evaluated for safety on sensitive skin and around the eyes.
• Proper Removal Techniques: Thoroughly remove kajal at the end of the day using an oil-based cleanser followed by a gentle water-based cleanser. This prevents the buildup of carbon particles and other residues that could contribute to irritation.
• Avoid Rubbing the Eyes: Mechanical trauma is one of the leading causes of under-eye damage. If kajal smudges or causes discomfort, gently clean the area rather than rubbing it.
• Moisturize and Protect: Use a moisturizer specifically designed for the under-eye area that contains antioxidants such as vitamin C or niacinamide. These can help protect the skin from oxidative stress and improve its resilience.

Conclusion

The potential for kajal to increase dark circles or cause under-eye damage lies primarily in its ingredients and the user’s application habits. While high-quality kajal is generally safe for the skin, improper formulations or use can lead to irritation, oxidative stress, and hyperpigmentation. By selecting safe products and maintaining good skincare practices, the risk of under-eye damage from kajal can be minimized, allowing you to enjoy its beauty-enhancing benefits without compromising skin health.